ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION MODERN TURKEY
After
the 1453 epidemic seize Constantinople, Turkey appears to be a large
State-organized, hierarchical and efficient that its prosperity and
culture rivaling abasiah. The
combination of high-quality officials and army terlati and discipline,
Turkey managed to control territories stretching from the Danube to the
Persian Gulf and of grassland ukraine to the north behind the line of
Egyptian upstream, Including the power turkey, regions along the route
is important in the trade the sea, which covers the Mediterranean, Black Sea, Red Sea, Indian Ocean and parts section. With
the imperial capital Istanbul, Constantinople new designation,
residents of the Turkish empire spread in 20 races and nations of not
less than 50 million people (1) .As long as two abda Turkey becomes a
threat to Christian Europe. However,
kekalaan year off in 1683, a turning point yagng merupakam regarded as a
victory against the European Christians (Muslims) turkey. Kekalaan is showing weakness and decadence Turkish army also marks the shift of power into the hands of Europe.
This
fact partially realized something mambahayakan for the sustainability
of the State as a solution, Turkey must accept the idea of the
adoption of European progress. (2)
thus the attitude of the government to initiate reform Westernization
is a consequence of the task of keeping the State, not in response to
pressure from the public. The
result is a series of military reform, administration, education,
economics, law, and social highly dipngaruhi by western ideas. Base
traditional Islam and the Muslim community legitimas slowly changing in
line with the disekulerkannya ideology, law, and political and social
institutions.
George
Lenezonwski, timur tengah di kancah dunia.
Terj Asgar Bixby(Bandung: Sinar Baru
Algesindo,1993)hlm 1-3, John. L .Esposito ,Ancaman islam : Mitos atau realitas ? terj. AlwiyahAbdurahman dan
Missi (Bandung:Mizan,1995)
REFORM IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION
Future new order (Nijam-I-Jedid) Updates are performed by Sultan Selim III, One in the field of education that the public school was established in the area, like Mektep-Maarif (pengentahuan public schools) and maktebi Ulum-u Edebiye (school Literature), the first school that prepares students to become administrative heart while the latter became a translator.
Although Madrasahtradisional still be recognized, general knowledge and some practical skills in the input into the curriculum. At
the college level is high, in addition to establishing the Military
Academy and sending students to the French, English, Persian, and
Australia Mahmud also founded a school of Engineering, School of
Medicine, and the School and the School of surgery. In 1838 the school of medicine and surgery in the united school. In 1847 Sultan Abdul Majid, the successor Mahmud, allowing human corpses in use in the practice of autopsy and dissection.
The
schools are established, students in kenalkandengan modern Western
ideas and philosophy of free will through the Turkish language books in
the library. Availability
of books in the possible translation bureau said services, which are
established for the purposes of international correspondence State. Government
newspaper Takvim-I Vekayi, which was established in 1831 Mahmud very
big influence in spreading modern western mind pikira-west kepda
generation to generation of Young Turks. Mustapa
Sami, one of the editors, very kegum with western civilization that did
not hesitate to criticize the customs of the East. In the consideration, Western progress based on science, freedom of religion, patriotism and equitable education.
Abdurahman Dudung, Sejarah peradaban
Islam ; dari masa klasik hongga modern(Yogyakarta Fak. Adab. 2002)
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